Introduction: Hypoxia fuels cancer growth by supporting blood vessel formation, suppressing immune response, and helping cancer cells adapt to harsh surroundings. This happens when cancer cells react to low oxygen levels by activating hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). High levels of HIF-1α can indicate an aggressive form of cancer and resistance to treatment in diffuse large B-cel…
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem in Indonesia. It ranks among the top four cancers with high mortality rates. CRC screening is expected to improve early diagnosis that can reduce mortality and morbidity rate. Primary health care-based CRC screening in Indonesia has not yet been performed. This study was conducted to obtain information about prevalence, adenoma detectio…