Background : Oral mucositis is an injury of normal mucosal tissue with an acute inflammation of the oral, tongue, and pharyngeal mucosa after exposure to chemoradiotherapy. Post chemoradiotherapy oral mucositis is commonly accompanied by painful swallowing or odynophagia. Povidone iodine 1% is an antiseptic mouthwash that widely used to prevent infections in the oral cavity. The aim of this …
Introduction: Streptomycin and kanamycin are aminoglycosides that are toxic to the cochlea vestibular system, can causing hearing loss. This antibiotic is used for the treatment of tuberculosis and its ototoxicity occurs in 20% of tuberculosis patients. Spirulina is a cyanobacterial species that is used as a dietary supplement and contains phycocyanin compounds that function as antioxidants a…
Speech and language delay are usually found in various disorders such as mental retardation, hearing impairment, psychosocial, autism, receptive aphasia and cerebral palsy and speech organ disorders. Retrospective research at Dr. Kariadi Hospital found that children aged 13 months to 60 months with complaints of speech problems that were subjected to an objective audiometric examination sho…